The PDQ cancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.

Purpose of This PDQ Summary ¹

Added text ² about level-of-evidence designations that are intended to help readers assess the strength of the evidence supporting the use of specific interventions or approaches.

General Information ³

Added text ⁴ to state that pathologic fractures do not appear to be a prognostic factor for ETB (cited Bramer et al. as reference 11).

Added text ⁴ to state that positron emission tomogrophy (PET) scans using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) have been shown to provide additional information and have a relevant impact on therapy planning (cited Volker et al. as reference 13).

Stage Information ⁵

Added text ⁶ to state that positron emission tomogrophy (PET) using fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) is an optional staging modality (cited Volker et al. as reference 2).

Ewing Tumor of Bone: Localized Tumors ⁷

Added Bramer et al. as reference 17 ⁸.

Added text ⁹ to state that COG-AEWS07P1 is a pilot clinical trial that is investigating the addition of vincristine, topotecan, and cyclophosphamide (VTC) to a treatment regimen for EFT.

Ewing Tumor of Bone: Metastatic Tumors ¹⁰

Revised text ¹¹ to state that the 6-year event-free survival (EFS) for metastatic disease is approximately 28% (cited Miser et al. as reference 2).

Added text ¹² to state that in an Intergroup study, increasing dose intensity of cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, and doxorubicin did not improve outcome compared with regimens utilizing standard dose intensity, and that this regimen increased toxicity and risk of second malignancy without improving EFS or overall survival.

Revised text ¹² to state that, for patients with lung/pleural metastases only, cure rates are approximately 40%.